Supraorbital Gland
Definition
The supraorbital gland is a specialised salt-excreting organ located above the eye in seabirds, including all penguin species. Because penguins ingest large amounts of saltwater while feeding, the gland filters excess sodium chloride from the blood and excretes a concentrated brine through the nostrils. This allows penguins to survive without access to freshwater for extended periods at sea. The gland is significantly larger in species that forage far offshore, such as emperor and king penguins.
Related Terms
Related Species
Species where supraorbital gland is especially relevant.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does supraorbital gland mean in penguin biology?
The supraorbital gland is a specialised salt-excreting organ located above the eye in seabirds, including all penguin species. Because penguins ingest large amounts of saltwater while feeding, the gland filters excess sodium chloride from the blood and excretes a concentrated brine through the nostrils. This allows penguins to survive without access to freshwater for extended periods at sea. The gland is significantly larger in species that forage far offshore, such as emperor and king penguins.
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More in anatomyWhere this definition comes from
Reference bodies behind the anatomy terminology. Links last checked August 5, 2026.
- Smithsonian Ocean Portal - Penguin biology, anatomy, and breeding explainers.
- British Antarctic Survey - Antarctic penguin ecology, diving, and sea-ice context.
- Australian Museum - Little penguin biology and coastal breeding behavior.